When a Catholic Pope dies, the Church follows a detailed and solemn protocol known as the “Sede Vacante” (Latin fbor “the seat being vacant”). Here’s what happens step-by-step:
- Confirmation of Death
The Camerlengo (Chamberlain), a cardinal appointed by the Pope, officially confirms the Pope’s death.
Traditionally, he would call the Pope’s baptismal name three times to verify there’s no response.
The Pope’s Fisherman’s Ring (a symbol of papal authority) is broken to prevent forgery.
- Sede Vacante Begins
The Vatican enters a period of mourning and administrative suspension.
Most Vatican officials lose their jobs temporarily, except for key roles like the Camerlengo.
The Pope’s apartment is sealed.
- Funeral and Mourning
The Pope’s body is displayed in St. Peter’s Basilica for public viewing.
The funeral usually takes place 4–6 days after death, and the mourning period traditionally lasts 9 days (called novemdiales).
The Pope is buried in the Vatican Grottoes beneath St. Peter’s Basilica, unless otherwise specified.
- Election of a New Pope (Conclave)
After the mourning period, the College of Cardinals gathers in the Sistine Chapel for a secret meeting called the Conclave.
They vote (up to 4 times per day) until someone receives a 2/3 majority.
Once elected, the new Pope chooses a name and is introduced with the words: “Habemus Papam” (“We have a Pope”).