Nowruz is one of the most important cultural and national celebrations in Iran, which marks the beginning of the new year on the first day of Farvardin (the first month of the Iranian solar calendar). This ancient festival has deep roots in the history of Iran and several countries in the region. It symbolizes the renewal of nature and the arrival of spring. Nowruz is celebrated not only in Iran but also in countries of Central Asia, the Caucasus, and parts of South Asia.
History of Nowruz
The exact origins of Nowruz are unclear, but many researchers trace it back to ancient Iran, and some even suggest it predates that period. Various historical texts, including the Shahnameh by Ferdowsi and ancient Greek writings, mention Nowruz, indicating that it has been celebrated for thousands of years.
According to ancient Persian legends, Nowruz is associated with the arrival of spring and the return of life. During the Achaemenid dynasty, Nowruz was an official celebration in the royal court of Persia, and it continued to hold significance in subsequent periods of Iranian history. Even during the Islamic era, although some cultural features were added to the celebration, Nowruz remained one of Iran’s most important festivals.
Nowruz Traditions
Nowruz celebrations begin days before the actual New Year. Iranians clean their homes and buy new clothes as part of a tradition known as “Khaneh Tekani” (spring cleaning) to start the new year with freshness.
The Haft-Seen Table
One of the most important aspects of Nowruz is the Haft-Seen table, where seven items starting with the Persian letter “S” are placed. Each of these items symbolizes a positive trait, nature, or aspect of human life. The main components of the Haft-Seen table are:
Sabzeh (sprouts): Symbolizes rebirth and the growth of life.
Samanu: Represents strength and resilience.
Senjed: Symbolizes love and affection.
Seer (garlic): Represents health and healing.
Seeb (apple): Symbolizes beauty and freshness.
Serkeh (vinegar): Represents patience and endurance.
Samak (salt): Symbolizes longevity and durability.
In addition to the seven “S” items, other items like the Quran, a mirror, candles, and painted eggs are placed on the table, each carrying its own special meaning.
Visiting Relatives and Friends
Visiting family, friends, and acquaintances is a key aspect of the Nowruz celebrations. People visit each other’s homes during Nowruz, exchange well-wishes, and give gifts such as sweets and nuts. This tradition fosters family bonds and promotes a sense of community and social cohesion.
Special Nowruz Foods
During Nowruz, various special foods are prepared. Among these, Sabzi Polo with Fish and Haft-Seen Cake are commonly made during the night of the new year and the early days of Nowruz. Additionally, traditional sweets like Baqali Polo and Samanu are also widely prepared.
Nowruz in Other Countries
Nowruz is not exclusive to Iran; it is celebrated in many countries such as Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Turkey, and even parts of India and Pakistan. In some of these countries, unique customs and traditions accompany the celebration, enriching the cultural diversity of the festival.
Nowruz is not just a national celebration but also a cultural heritage that embodies the identity and history of Iran, which spans thousands of years. This festival, along with other cultural celebrations, symbolizes the connection between people and nature, marking the start of a new phase in human life. Nowruz, with its specific customs, continues to hold a special place in the hearts of the people of Iran and other countries that celebrate it, and over time, it has gained even more significance
Nowruz: The Iranian New Year
